Amos 'n' Andy
Volume 1



"There are three things which I will never forget about America: the Rocky Mountains, Niagara Falls, and Amos n Andy."
- George Bernard Shaw

Their first meeting took place in Durham, North Carolina in 1919, as a young man from Peoria, Illinois named Charles Correll was introduced to his future partner, Freeman Gosden from Richmond, Virginia. Both men were employed by the Joe Bren Producing Company, which specialized in helping amateur talent present shows for clubs, fraternal organizations and church groups. Charlie was told by the higher-ups at Bren to seek out Freeman for advice on putting together a performance for a local chapter of the Elks Club:

"So the door opened, and this fellow walked in. I was sittin at the piano, and I stopped and I turned around and looked at him and I says, Can I do something for you? and he says, Is your name Charlie Correll? Im Freeman Gosden. And that was the beginning of our getting together and our working together and weve been together ever since for fifty years. The greatest thing that ever happened to me in my life, him to walk in and say, I'm Freeman Gosden!"

While still employed with the Bren Company, Gosden and Correll discovered that they had an unbeatable chemistry together, and so their partnership soon extended beyond their regular working hours to include stints on stage as both song-and-patter men and blackface artists blackface being a popular form of entertainment at the time. Their first radio appearance was in 1921 and, moving to Chicago four years later, they secured work over WLS as endmen for Bren's weekly minstrel broadcasts and over WEBH as song-and-patter artists -- where their whopping salary consisted solely of a free Blue Plate Dinner special. In the fall of 1925, the duo were hired by WGN, the Chicago Tribunes radio station, to perform on the air for the princely sum of $250.00 a week.

WGNs station manager, Ben McCanna, liked Gosden and Correll but felt that their song-and-patter routines were in danger of getting stale. He suggested that they consider an idea he was tinkering with: a radio adaptation of "The Gumps", one of the Tribunes popular comic strips. Freeman and Charlie didn't have a good deal of familiarity with the family strip - both men were unmarried and had no children - and, instead, offered one of their own ideas: a radio serial about two black men, transported from the South, who came to the big city to seek their fame and fortune. Taking another popular strip, "Mutt and Jeff", as inspiration, the two men felt comfortable enough with their experience in dialect humor to effectively portray what eventually became known as "Sam 'n' Henry". WGN balked at the idea at first, but soon reconsidered, throwing Gosden and Correll on the air on January 12, 1926. Six weeks later, the show was a phenomenon, attracting such a large following in the Chicago area that the duo were soon making stage appearances in person as their fictional characters.

WGN had a powerful transmitter, capable of broadcasting over great distances throughout the United States, but Gosden and Correll were even more ambitious: they wanted to expand the audience for "Sam 'n' Henry" by recording the programs in advance and sending the discs to other radio stations -- an innovation the two men dubbed a "chainless chain". What would eventually become standard practice in radio syndication did not sit well with the powers-that-be at WGN, however; the management maintained not only that they owned "Sam 'n' Henry", but also that there would be no further talk of that "chainless chain" nonsense. So, before their WGN contract expired, Freeman and Charlie talked with WGN's rival WMAQ about a possible move. Owned by the Chicago Daily News, the team found WMAQ much more receptive to the concept; the fact that WMAQ would be getting Gosden and Correll by basically stealing them from WGN probably didn't hurt matters, either. Given WGN's legal position, the two men couldn't take the "Sam n Henry" name with them...so they settled on a more alliterative title instead: Amos 'n' Andy.

"Amos 'n' Andy" premiered over WMAQ on March 19, 1928 and quickly surpassed the popularity of "Sam 'n' Henry". Again, the programs concept revolved around two black Southerners who left farm jobs in Georgia for positions in Chicago, only to discover that the tall grass they left in the Peach State was a whole lot greener than that of their new locale. Amos (Gosden), the smaller and younger of the two, was an excitable and enthusiastic character with an admirable work ethic and a fierce streak of loyalty to his friends. Andy (Correll), much larger and slower, frequently preferred taking the shortcuts down life's highway of steady employment -- but he, too, was loyal when the chips were down...as they often were. In the early days of the serial, the men bought a dilapidated taxi cab and started their own business: The Fresh-Air Taxi Company, Incorpulated. In addition to the leads, "Amos 'n' Andy" also featured a colorful array of supporting characters, most of whom belonged to a fraternal organization known as The Mystic Knights of the Sea. The most memorable of these was George Stevens who, as lodge president, had dubbed himself the Kingfish. The Kingfish was even more averse to work than Andy; he was, in fact, a con artist who occupied his time fleecing his innocent friends in a never-ending series of shady get-rich-quick schemes. (The Kingfish's charisma and gift-of-gab were such that the real-life governor of Louisiana, Huey Long, soon adopted the colorful nickname as his own.)

The success of "Amos 'n' Andy" over WMAQ soon attracted the attention of the National Broadcasting Company. Though experiencing some financial problems at the time, NBC was looking for prestigious and successful programs to air nationally and was anxious to sign Godsen and Correll to a long-term contract. Once signed, the Lord & Thomas advertising agency sold the program's sponsorship one of their biggest clients, Pepsodent toothpaste, and "Amos 'n' Andy" went national over NBC Blue on August 19, 1929...beginning a run that would continue on network radio, in one form or another, for the next thirty years.

Throughout much of its radio history, "Amos 'n' Andy" was broadcast in a five-day-a-week quarter-hour serial format. However, in the fall of 1943, due to a slow decline in the ratings, Gosden and Correll revamped the show into a half-hour weekly situation comedy. Concerned about the quality of the new version (and also in maintaining the quality of his performances) Correll had most of the programs of the new series recorded on 16" transcription discs for his personal library. In the 1970s, Correll had the programs professionally transferred from discs to top quality 1/2" tape -- but explicitly requested that the commercials for Rinso, by then the shows sponsor, be edited out at the same time. Thus, though the programs in this collection may be commercial-free, they're all taken right from Charlie Correll's own transcription collection. The audio fidelity of these shows is astounding - in fact, they sound far better than when they were first heard over NBC in 1943 and 1944 - and have been painstakingly restored for your enjoyment.

Uncle
with guest star Charles Coburn
Friday, October 8, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Piano Lesson
with guest star Jose Iturbi
Friday, October 15, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Libel
with guest star Walter Huston
Friday, October 22, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Trunk
with guest star Peter Lorre
Friday, November 5, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Matrimonial
with guest star Lionel Barrymore
Friday, November 12, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Thanksgiving
with guest star Spring Byington
Friday, November 19, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Friendship
with guest star Donald Meek
Friday, November 26, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Counterfeit
with guest star Chester Morris
Friday, December 3, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Baby Carriage
with guest star Ginger Rogers
Friday, December 10, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Shirtwaist
with guest star Robert Benchley
Friday, December 17, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

New Year’s Eve
with guest star Edward G. Robinson
Friday, December 31, 1943 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Soldier
with guest star Pat O’Brien
Friday, January 7, 1944 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Violets
with guest star Adolphe Menjou
Friday, January 14, 1944 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Culture
with guest star Charles Boyer
Friday, January 21, 1944 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

$1,000 Bill
with guest star Ethel Waters
Friday, January 28, 1944 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Missing Persons
Friday, February 4, 1944 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

WAC
Friday, February 11, 1944 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Diamond Ring
Friday, February 18, 1944 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Sunday, Monday, or Always
with guest stars Johnny Burke, Jimmy Van Heusen, Kay Kyser, and Harry Babbitt
Friday, February 25, 1944 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso

Madam Queen #1
Friday, March 3, 1944 – 30:00 – NBC, sponsored by Rinso